Effects of open-lung strategy on postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the effect of open-lung strategy (OLS) on postoperative delirium (POD) in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery.Methods:Seventy-four elderly patients of both sexes, aged 65-80 yr, with body mass index of 18.5-30.0 kg/m 2, of American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅱ or Ⅲ, undergoing elective laparoscopic radical rectal cancer or radical prostate cancer surgery under general anesthesia, were divided into 2 groups ( n=37 each) by the random number table method: OLS group and non-OLS (NOLS) group. Patients in OLS group received small tidal volume ventilation, recruitment maneuvers, and individualized positive end-expiratory pressure. Fixed positive end-expiratory pressure 5 cmH 2O was given in NOLS group. Cerebral regional oxygen saturation (rSO 2), pH value, PaO 2, PaCO 2 and PaO 2/FiO 2 were recorded before induction of anesthesia (T 0, baseline value), at 10 min after tracheal intubation (T 1), at 1 and 2 h after pneumoperitoneum (T 2, 3) and at 10 min after extubation (T 4). The levels of serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10 and calcium-binding protein (S100β) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay before surgery, at the end of surgery, and at 1 day after surgery. The development of POD was assessed using the delirium assessment scale at 1-3 days after surgery. Results:Compared with NOLS group, the pH value was significantly decreased at T 3, PaCO 2 was increased, PaO 2, PaO 2/FiO 2 and rSO 2 were increased at T 2-4, serum IL-6 and S100β concentrations were decreased after surgery and at 1 day after surgery, the serum IL-10 concentration was increased, and the incidence of POD was decreased in OLS group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:OLS can increase rSO 2, reduce the systemic inflammatory response, and decrease the risk of POD in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery.

Application of supraclavicular fasciocutaneous island flap for reconstruction after removal of tumors in parotid and auricle area / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of supraclavicular fasciocutaneous island flap (SIF) for repairing the defect of parotid or auricle regions after tumor resection. Methods: From February 2019 to June 2021, 12 patients (11 males and 1 female, aged 54-77 years old), of whom 4 with parotid adenoid cystic carcinoma and 8 with auricular basal cell carcinoma underwent reconstruction surgery for postoperative defects in the parotid gland area and auricular area with SIF in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University and their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. Size of the SIF, time for harvesting SIF, neck lymph node dissection and postoperative complications were recorded. Results: The flap areas were (6-9) cm × (8-13) cm, and the harvesting time for SIF ranged from 40 to 80 min, averaging 51.7 min. The donor sites were directly closed. All patients underwent ipsilateral levels Ⅰ-Ⅲ neck dissection, with 4 cases undergoing additional level Ⅳ neck dissection and 2 cases undergoing level Ⅳ-Ⅴ neck dissection. Of the 12 SIF, 10 were completely survival and 2 had flap arterial crisis with partial flap necrosis, in addition, 1 had donor site wound dehiscence. With follow-up of 10-42 months, there were no tumor recurrences in 10 patients, 1 patient was lost to follow-up at 10 months postoperatively, and 1 patient experienced local tumor recurrence at 11 months after surgery and died 15 months later. Conclusion: SIF is an easily harvested flap with good skin features matching the skin in parotid and auricle regions and less damage to donor site, and this flap has no need for microvascular anastomosis technique. SIF is feasible and effective for repairing defects in parotid and auricle area.

Protective mechanism of tetramethylpyrazine on cardiovascular system / 中国中药杂志

Tetramethylpyrazine is the main component of Ligusticum chuanxiong. Studies have found that tetramethylpyrazine has a good protective effect against cardiovascular diseases. In the heart, tetramethylpyrazine can reduce myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting oxidative stress, regulating autophagy, and inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Tetramethylpyrazine can also reduce the damage of cardiomyocytes caused by inflammation, relieve the fibrosis and hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes in infarcted myocardium, and inhibit the expansion of the cardiac cavity after myocardial infarction. In addition, tetramethylpyrazine also has a protective effect on the improvement of familial dilated cardiomyopathy. Besides, the mechanisms of tetramethylpyrazine on blood vessels are more abundant. It can inhibit endothelial cell apoptosis by reducing oxidative stress, maintain vascular endothelial function and homeostasis by inhibiting inflammation and glycocalyx degradation, and protect vascular endothelial cells by reducing iron overload. Tetramethylpyrazine also has a certain inhibitory effect on thrombosis. It can play an anti-thrombotic effect by reducing inflammatory factors and adhesion molecules, inhibiting platelet aggregation, and suppressing the expression of fibrinogen and von Willebrand factor. In addition, tetramethylpyrazine can also reduce the level of blood lipid in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice, inhibit the subcutaneous deposition of lipids, inhibit the transformation of macrophages into foam cells, and inhibit the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells, thereby reducing the formation of atherosclerotic plaque. In combination with network pharmacology, the protective mechanism of tetramethylpyrazine on the cardiovascular system may be mainly achieved through the regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K/Akt), hypoxia-inducible factor 1(HIF-1), and mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) pathways. Tetramethylpyrazine hydrochloride and sodium chloride injection has been approved for clinical application, but some adverse reactions have been found in clinical application, which need to be paid attention to.

The protective effects and underlying mechanisms of dapagliflozin on diabetes-induced testicular dysfunction / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

Male diabetic individuals present a marked impairment in fertility; however, knowledge regarding the pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic strategies is unsatisfactory. The new hypoglycemic drug dapagliflozin has shown certain benefits, such as decreasing the risk of cardiovascular and renal events in patients with diabetes. Even so, until now, the effects and underlying mechanisms of dapagliflozin on diabetic male infertility have awaited clarification. Here, we found that dapagliflozin lowered blood glucose levels, alleviated seminiferous tubule destruction, and increased sperm concentrations and motility in leptin receptor-deficient diabetic db/db mice. Moreover, the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) antagonist exendin (9-39) had no effect on glucose levels but reversed the protective effects of dapagliflozin on testicular structure and sperm quality in db/db mice. We also found that dapagliflozin inhibited the testicular apoptotic process by upregulating the expression of the antiapoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) and inhibiting oxidative stress by enhancing the antioxidant status, including total antioxidant capacity, total superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, as well as decreasing the level of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE). Exendin (9-39) administration partially reversed these effects. Furthermore, dapagliflozin upregulated the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) level in plasma and GLP-1R expression by promoting AKT8 virus oncogene cellular homolog (Akt) phosphorylation in testicular tissue. Exendin (9-39) partially inhibited Akt phosphorylation. These results suggest that dapagliflozin protects against diabetes-induced spermatogenic dysfunction via activation of the GLP-1R/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway. Our results indicate the potential effects of dapagliflozin against diabetes-induced spermatogenic dysfunction.

The role of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) in respiratory allergic diseases: An update / 细胞与分子免疫学杂志

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are the "mirror cells" of Th2 cells. Although the total cell number of ILC2s is far less than that of CD4+ Th2 cells in the body, the activated ILC2s have a more powerful biological activity than CD4+ Th2 cells and can rapidly enhanced Th2-cell inflammatory reaction. It plays an important role in the pathogenesis of allergic respiratory diseases. The transmitters that activate ILC2s include inflammatory cytokines (IL-33, IL-25, TSLP, IL-4, IL-9), lipid transmitters (prostaglandins, leukotrienes), and other activating transmitters (ICOS, Complement C3a, neuropeptide receptor, vasoactive intestinal peptide and calcitonin gene-related peptide, etc). Activated ILC2s produce large amounts of IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-13, and amphiregulin and other inflammatory mediators, and induce airway hyperresponsiveness, mucus secretion and airway remodeling and other respiratory allergic reactions. Therefore, respiratory allergic diseases, especially steroid-dependent asthma, could be treated potentially by inhibiting the activation of ILC2s. Hereby, we summarized the immunobiology of ILC2s, the initiation of ILC2s in allergic inflammation, the relationship between ILC2s and respiratory allergic diseases, and the recent advances in biological agents targeted by ILC2s.

Effects of open-lung strategy on cardiopulmonary function in frail elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the effect of open-lung strategy (OLS) on cardiopulmonary function in frail elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery.Methods:Eighty-four frail elderly patients aged 65-80 yr, with body mass index of 18.5-30.0 kg/m 2, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱor Ⅲ, with preoperative Fried frailty phenotype scale score ≥3, undergoing elective laparoscopic radical rectal cancer or radical prostate cancer surgery under general anesthesia, were divided into 2 groups ( n=42 each) by the random number table method: OLS group and non-OLS group (NOLS group). The patients underwent recruitment maneuvers and individualized positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) in OLS group, while patients received fixed PEEP (5 cmH 2O) in NOLS group.At 10 min after endotracheal intubation (T 0, baseline value), immediately after the peak of recruitment maneuvers (T 1), 30 min (T 2) and 1 h (T 3) after individualized PEEP setting and 10 min before the end of surgery (T 4), cardiac function indexes were measured by transoesophageal echocardiography, optic nerve sheath diameter was measured, and the arterial blood gas analysis indexes and pulmonary function indexes were recorded.The levels of serum cardiac troponin T, creatine kinase-MB and precursor of type B natriuretic peptide were determined by chemiluminescence before surgery and at 1 and 2 days after surgery.The postoperative pulmonary complications within 7 days after surgery and postoperative outcomes were also recorded. Results:Eighty-one patients were finally enrolled, with 41 in NOLS group and 40 in OLS group.Compared with NOLS group, the left ventricular end diastolic area, left ventricular ejection fraction, stroke volume, ratio of early mitral flow velocity to early mitral annulus velocity, mitral annular plane systolic excursion, left ventricular global longitudinal strain, right ventricular end diastolic area, right ventricular fractional area change, tricuspid annular plane systolic excusion and right ventricular global longitudinal strain were significantly decreased at T 1, 2 ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the indices mentioned above at the remaining time points ( P>0.05), PaO 2, oxygenation index, and lung compliance were increased at T 1-4, PaCO 2 and alveolar arterial partial pressure difference of oxygen were decreased, the total incidence of pulmonary complications was reduced within 7 days after operation, and the duration of postanesthesia care unit stay, time to first out-of-bed activity and postoperative length of hospital stay were shortened ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in optic nerve sheath diameter and concentrations of serum cardiac troponin T, creatine kinase-MB, and precursor of type B natriuretic peptide at each time point in OLS group ( P>0.05). Conclusions:OLS can improve lung function in frail elderly patients, which is helpful for patient prognosis without causing negative cardiac effects, and can be safely used for intraoperative airway management in frail elderly patients without obvious cardiac dysfunction.

Development and validation of a prognostic model based on SEER data for patients with esophageal carcinoma after esophagectomy / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To develop a nomogram to predict the long-term survival of patients with esophageal cancer following esophagectomy.@*METHODS@#We collected the data of 7215 patients with esophageal carcinoma from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database during the period from 2004 and 2016. Of these patients, 5052 were allocated to the training cohort and the remaining 2163 patients to the internal validation cohort using bootstrap resampling, with another 435 patients treated in the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery of Jinling Hospital between 2014 and 2016 serving as the external validation cohort.@*RESULTS@#In the overall cohort, the 1-, 3-, and 5-year cancer-specific mortality rates were 14.6%, 35.7% and 41.6%, respectively. Age (≥80 years vs < 50 years, P < 0.001), gender (male vs female, P < 0.001), tumor site (lower vs middle segment, P=0.013), histology (EAC vs ESCC, P=0.012), tumor grade (poorly vs well differentiated, P < 0.001), TNM stage (Ⅳ vs Ⅰ, P < 0.001), tumor size (> 50 mm vs 0-20 mm, P < 0.001), chemotherapy (yes vs no, P < 0.001), and LNR (> 0.25 vs 0, P < 0.001) were identified as independent risk factors affecting long-term survival of the patients. The nomograms established based on the model for predicting the survival probability of the patients at 1, 3 and 5 years after operation showed a C-index of 0.726 (95% CI: 0.714-0.738) for predicting the overall survival (OS) and of 0.735 (95% CI: 0.727-0.743) for cancer-specific survival (CSS) in the training cohort. In the internal validation cohort, the C-index of the nomograms was 0.752 (95% CI: 0.738-0.76) for OS and 0.804 (95% CI: 0.790-0.817) for CSS, as compared with 0.749 (95% CI: 0.736-0.767) and 0.788 (95%CI: 0.751-0.808), respectively, in the external validation cohort. The nomograms also showed a higher sensitivity than the TNM staging system for predicting long-term prognosis.@*CONCLUSION@#This prognostic model has a high prediction efficiency and can help to identify the high-risk patients with esophageal carcinoma after surgery and serve as a supplement for the current TNM staging system.

Study on the improvement of image quality of 3.0 T fetal head MR scan by high dielectric constant / 中华放射学杂志

Objective:To explore the clinical application of a new high dielectric constant (HDC) to improve image quality in 3.0 T fetal head MR scans.Methods:Forty pregnant women who underwent 3.0 T fetal head MR examinations at the Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University School of Medicine from May to July 2021 were prospectively included and divided into a test group and a control group according to the placement and non-placement of HDC pads. After the scans were completed, qualitative and quantitative analysis were performed on the image quality of the two groups acquired in each case. Qualitative analysis: A 5-point scale was used to score the images of both groups by two diagnosticians and their scores were recorded. Quantitative analysis: Firstly, the overall radiofrequency specific absorption ratio (SAR) values of the two sets of fetal cranial cross-sectional scans of each pregnant woman were recorded separately, and the average rate of change of the overall SAR values was calculated; secondly, four regions of interest (ROIs) were placed on the standard level of the cross-sectional section of each fetal cranium (including the level of the basal ganglia region of the dorsal thalamus), and the minimum and maximum of the four ROIs of each of the two data sets were calculated separately. The ratio of minimum to maximum signal intensity (RSI), signal to noise ratio (SNR) and contrast to noise ratio (CNR) were calculated for each of the four ROIs in the two sets of data. Wilcoxon test was used to analyze the differences between the two groups of image quality score results; paired sample t-test or paired rank sum test was used to analyze the differences in SAR, RSI, SNR and CNR values between the two groups. Results:The fetal head image quality score was 4 (3, 4) in the test group and 3 (1, 4) in the control group, and the test group was significantly higher than the control group, with statistically significant difference ( Z=-3.62, P<0.01), and the images in the test group had a uniform signal compared with the control group, and none of them had significant artifacts. The results of quantitative analysis showed that the overall SAR value of the test group was significantly reduced, with a mean reduction rate of 32.1%, and the difference between the SAR values of the two groups was statistically significant ( Z=-2.78, P<0.01). The RSI, SNR and CNR in the frontal, temporal, thalamic and occipital lobes of the test group were all higher than those of the control group, and the differences were all statistically significant ( P<0.01). Conclusion:The HDC pads can significantly improve the image quality of 3.0 T fetal head imaging by reducing or eliminating the inhomogeneous artifacts in the RF field, which makes a good technical foundation for fetal head MR imaging.

CENPF Promotes EMT in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer by Up-regulating ACKR3/CXCR7 / 肿瘤防治研究

Objective To investigate the relationship between the expression of CENPF in NSCLC adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and the clinical prognosis of patients and its effect on the metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma cells. Methods The expression of CENPF in LUAD and its relationship with patient prognosis were analyzed by online bioinformatics. The expression of CENPF was verified by LUAD tissue microarray immunohistochemical staining. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to analyze the relationship between the expression of CENPF and the prognosis of patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Cox survival hazard ratio was used to analyze the factors affecting the survival of patients. Chi-square analysis was adopted to examine the relationship between CENPF expression and clinicopathological stage and grade of patients. The expression of CENPF in NCI-H2126 cells were knocked out by lentivirus, and then the proliferation, invasion, and migration abilities of the cells were detected. Changes in mRNA expression profiles after CENPF knockout were detected by RNA-seq. Bioinformatics analysis of downstream signaling pathways and the target genes of CENPF was also performed. Western blot was used to verify the target gene. Results CENPF was significantly upregulated in LUAD tumor tissue (P < 0.05) and significantly correlated with pathological stage (P=0.013). The higher expression of CENPF, the worse the prognosis of patients (P=0.01, P=0.027). After the expression was CENPF of knocked out, the cell proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities significantly reduced (P < 0.01). The expression of chemokine pathway genes in cells was enriched significantly (P < 0.001). ACKR3/CXCR7 and CDH2/N-cadherin were significantly downregulated, whereas CDH1/E-cadherin was significantly upregulated. After CENPF was knocked out, ACKR3/CXCR7 and N-cadherin were significantly downregulated, whereas E-cadherin significantly increased. Conclusion The expression of CENPF is negatively correlated with the clinical prognosis of patients with LUAD, and it promotes the occurrence of EMT by regulating the expression levels of N-cadherin and E-cadherin related to EMT through ACKR3/CXCR7.

Vitamin D supplementation in pregnant women or infants for preventing allergic diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#It is still unclear if and to what extent antenatal or infant or childhood vitamin D supplementation would affect the development of allergy diseases later in life. This study aimed to review the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in pregnant women, infants, or children for the prevention of allergies.@*METHODS@#MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE (OVID), and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched up to March 1, 2020. We included only randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis for vitamin D supplementation in primary allergy prevention. These trials were assessed for risk of bias using the Cochrane Collaboration domains and the consensus was reached via discussion with the full study group. We descriptively summarized and quantitatively synthesized original data to evaluate vitamin D supplementation in primary allergy prevention by using Review Manager software for meta-analysis.@*RESULTS@#The search yielded 1251 studies. Seven RCTs were included in this analysis. A meta-analysis revealed that vitamin D supplementation for pregnant women or infants may not decrease the risk of developing allergic diseases, such as asthma or wheezing (supplementation for pregnant women, risk ratio [RR]: 1.01, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.81-1.26, P = 0.90, I2 = 47%; supplementation for infants, RR: 1.00, 95% CI: 0.70-1.43, P = 0.99, I2 = 0%; supplementation for pregnant women and infants, RR: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.10-1.25, P = 0.11), eczema (supplementation for pregnant women, RR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.80-1.13, P = 0.77, I2 = 0%; supplementation for infants, RR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.64-1.11, P = 0.19, I2 = 42%), allergic rhinitis (supplementation for pregnant women, RR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.78-1.11, P = 0.15, I2 = 47%), lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) (supplementation for pregnant women, RR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.85-1.11, P = 0.59, I2 = 0%), or food allergy.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Supplementation of vitamin D in pregnant women or infants does not have an effect on the primary prevention of allergic diseases.@*SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION@#PROSPERO (CRD42020167747).

Mechanism on moxibustion for rheumatoid arthritis based on PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the mechanism of moxibustion on the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the perspective of programmed cell death-1 and its ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1).@*METHODS@#A total of 30 Japanese big ear white rabbits were randomly divided into a control group, a model group and a moxibustion group, 10 rabbits in each one. In the model group and the moxibustion group, RA model was prepared by the injection of Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) into the hind knee joint cavities of each rabbit. In the control group, 0.9% sodium chloride solution of the same dose was injected. On the 8th day of experiment, in the moxibustion group, moxibustion was applied to "Shenshu" (BL 23) and "Zusanli" (ST 36), 5 cones at each acupoint, on the bilateral sides alternatively, once a day, 6 treatments as one course, with an interval of 1 days between the treatment courses. Totally, 3 courses of treatment were required. On the 1st, 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th days of experiment, successively, the circumference of the bilateral knee joints was measured with the tape. On the 28th day of experiment, H.E. staining was adopted to observe the histopathological morphology and to evaluate the score of knee synovial tissue. ELISA was used to determined the concentrations of soluble PD-1 (sPD-1) and its ligand 1 (sPD-L1), the interleukin 2 (IL-2) and IL-17 in knee synovial fluid and the concentrations of sPD-1 and sPD-L1 in serum. The histochemistry method was used to determine the expressions of membrane PD-1 (mPD-1) and its ligand 1 (mPD-L1) in spleen tissue.@*RESULTS@#On the 14th, 21st and 28th days of experiment, the circumference of both knee joints was increased in each of the rabbits in the model group as compared with the control group (<0.01), and it was reduced significantly in the moxibustion group as compared with the model group (<0.01). Compared with the control group, the hyperplasia of synovial tissue and fibrous tissue, as well as inflammatory cell infiltration were increased obviously in the model group (<0.01), and they were reduced significantly in the moxibustion group as compared with the model group (<0.01, <0.05). Compared with the control group, the concentrations of IL-2 and IL-17 in knee synovial fluid were increased in the rabbits of the model group (<0.01). Compared with the model group, after the intervention with moxibustion, the concentrations of IL-2 and IL-17 in knee synovial fluid were reduced in the rabbits of the moxibustion group (<0.05). Compared with the control group, the concentrations of sPD-1 and sPD-L1 in knee synovial fluid and serum in the rabbits of the model group were all increased (<0.05). Compared with the model group, the concentration of sPD-1 in the knee synovial fluid and serum were reduced in the rabbits of moxibustion group (<0.05). Compared with the control group, the expressions of mPD-1 and mPD-L1 in spleen tissue were increased obviously in the rabbits of the model group (<0.05). Compared with the model group, the expression of mPD-L1 in spleen tissue was up-regulated in the rabbits of the moxibustion group (<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Moxibustion could inhibit the over-activation of T cells by enhancing the negative regulation of PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway so as to play its effect in treatment of RA.

Development of Axial Resolution Testing Device for Optical Coherence Tomograph for the Posterior Segment of the Human Eye and Measurement Uncertainty Analysis / 中国医疗器械杂志

Based on the analysis of the theoretical calculation model of axial resolution of optical coherence tomograph for the posterior segment of the human eye, a set of testing device for measuring its axial resolution is designed and developed. In view of a commercial ophthalmic optical coherence tomograph in clinical use, its axial resolution is calculated to be 5.07 μm theoretically, and the actual measurement value is 5.45 μm. The uncertainty of the detection device is evaluated and the result is (5.45±0.10) μm. The measurement error introduced by the testing device is very small. Meanwhile, the axial resolution measured by the testing device meets the requirements of the instrument(≤ 6 μm).

Clinical observation on acupoint sticking therapy plus electroacupuncture for treating peripheral facial paralysis / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective: To observe the clinical effect of acupoint sticking therapy with Mian Tan Gao (facial paralysis paste) plus electroacupuncture (EA) for treating peripheral facial paralysis and its influence on patients' facial nerve functions, facial disability index and clinical symptoms and signs. Methods: A total of 96 peripheral facial paralysis patients were allocated into an observation group, a medicine group and an EA group by simple randomization, with 32 cases in each group. Patients in the medicine group were treated with oral mecobalamine and prednisone acetate; patients in the EA group were treated with EA on the basis of the medicine treatment; while patients in the observation group were treated with acupoint sticking therapy with Mian Tan Gao (facial paralysis paste) plus EA. After 4-week treatment, the clinical efficacy, the adverse events, and the scores of House-Brackmann (H-B) facial nerve function grading scale, visual analog scale (VAS), clinical symptoms and signs, and facial disability index (FDI) were compared. Results: After 4-week treatment, the total effective rate was 96.9％ in the observation group, higher than 68.7％ in the medicine group and 75.0％ in the EA group (both P<0.05). After 4-week treatment, the scores of H-B grading scale, VAS and clinical symptoms and signs in the three groups dropped significantly compared with those before treatment, and the scores in the observation group were lower than those in the medicine group and EA group (all P<0.05). After 4-week treatment, the facial disability index-physical function (FDIP) in the FDI in the three groups increased significantly, with a higher value in the observation group compared with that in the medicine group and EA group (both P<0.05). The facial disability index-social function (FDIS) in the FDI dropped significantly, with a lower score in the observation group compared with that in the medicine group and EA group (both P<0.05). However, the comparisons of the items above between the medicine group and the EA group showed no statistical significance (all P>0.05). The between-group comparison of the adverse event across the three groups showed no statistical significance (P>0.05). Conclusion: Acupoint sticking therapy with Mian Tan Gao (facial paralysis paste) plus EA can decrease H-B grade, reduce pain severity and improve clinical symptoms and signs as well as the facial disability condition in peripheral facial paralysis patients. This method produced more significant efficacy compared with oral medicine and medicine plus EA.

Pharmacogenetic Correlates of Antipsychotic-Induced Weight Gain in the Chinese Population / 神经科学通报·英文版

Antipsychotic-induced weight gain (AIWG) is a common adverse effect of this treatment, particularly with second-generation antipsychotics, and it is a major health problem around the world. We aimed to review the progress of pharmacogenetic studies on AIWG in the Chinese population to compare the results for Chinese with other ethnic populations, identify the limitations and problems of current studies, and provide future research directions in China. Both English and Chinese electronic databases were searched to identify eligible studies. We determined that > 25 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 19 genes have been investigated in association with AIWG in Chinese patients over the past few decades. HTR2C rs3813929 is the most frequently studied single-nucleotide polymorphism, and it seems to be the most strongly associated with AIWG in the Chinese population. However, many genes that have been reported to be associated with AIWG in other ethnic populations have not been included in Chinese studies. To explain the pharmacogenetic reasons for AIWG in the Chinese population, genome-wide association studies and multiple-center, standard, unified, and large samples are needed.

Correlation of glutamate dehydrogenase with several tumors / 生物工程学报

Most organisms contain glutamate dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.4.1.2-1.4.1.4). In eukaryotes, the enzyme is mainly present in mitochondria. This enzyme plays a vital role in the metabolism of nitrogen and carbon and the signaling pathway. Studies have found that glutamate dehydrogenase has a certain relationship with the occurrence and development of tumors, which is significant for tumor research, but reviews on its relationship with human tumors are rare. This review summarized the relationship between glutamate dehydrogenase and breast cancer, glioma, colorectal cancer and ovarian cancer, etc, thus providing assistance for related research.

Fabrication of open porous microtissue based on micro-stencil array chip / 中华整形外科杂志

Objective@#To explore an open porous microtissue which is suitable for the growth of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) , and the optimal size of this microtissue.@*Methods@#Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) micro-stencil array chips with pore diameters of 1500 μm and 800 μm were constructed by laser drilling technique. The gelatin solution was chemically crosslinked and uniformly spread on the micro-stencil array chips. After freeze-drying for 16 h, the microgels in the chip were ejected by the ejector-pin array. SEM images were taken to observe the microstructure of microgels. Pore size and porosity of two kinds of microgels were calculated using Image J Pro software. The P3 BMSCs were seeded on microgels at the concentration of 5×106/ml. After 7 days culture in vitro, the microtissues were obtained. Thereafter, the viability of seeded BMSCs was assessed using live/dead cell assay. The growth of the cells on the microtissues and the secretion of ECM were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).@*Results@#The SEM images showed that the open porous structured microgels were successfully fabricated using the micro-stencil array chip. The pore size and porosity of 1 500 μm microgels were about 1.5 times that of the 800 μm microgels. After 7 days culture in vitro, the number of cells 1 500 μm microgels were more compared to 800 μm microgels, in the live/dead cell assay. Fluorescent quantitative analyses showed that the viability of BMSCs on 1 500 μm microtissues was 4 times that of 800 μm microtissues. SEM images showed that the cells on 1 500 μm microtissues grew well and surrounded by ECM.@*Conclusions@#The micro-stencil array chips were successfully used to construct microgels with open porous, which could be further used to fabricate open porous microtissues. The 1 500 μm microtissues were more favorable for BMSCs, compared to 800 μm microtissues.

Olaparib regulates inflammatory response in lipopolysaccharide-induced A549 cells through PARP-1 pathway / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect of olaparib on the inflammatory damage to alveolar epithelial cells induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). METHODS The alveolar epithelial cells (A549) were cultured in vitro and incubated with LPS 10 mg-L-1 and olaparib 10 and 25 μmol-L-1 for 24 h. The levels of cytokines interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-8, and IL-10 were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the mRNA expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and ICAM-1 were analyzed by real-time PCR, the level of ROS was analyzed by flow cytometry, and the expression of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) and phosphorylation of proteins involved in NF-ΚB signaling pathway in cells were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS Compared with LPS 10 mg-L-1 injury group, olaparib 10 and 25 μmol·L-1 could significantly reduce the release of IL-6, IL-8 and ROS levels in A549 cells induced by LPS (P<0.01), and increase the release of IL-10 (P<0.01). Olaparib 10 and 25 μmol·L-1 could also inhibit the mRNA expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and ICAM-1 (P<0.01), and inhibit the expression of PARP-1 and phosphorylation proteins involved in NF-ΚB signaling pathway induced by LPS (P<0.01). CONCLUSION Olaparib has some protective effect on inflammatory damage and oxidative stress in alveolar epithelial cells induced by LPS, and the mechanism may be that it inhibits the expression and release of cytokines by down-regulating the expression of PARP-1 and subsequently affecting the activation of the NF-ΚB pathway.

Role of edaravone in alleviating prognosis of rats following traumatic brain injury / 中华创伤杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of edaravone on improving the prognosis of TBI rats.Methods A total of 150 SD male rats were divided into normal control group (10 rats),TBI group (70 rats) and edaravone group (70 rats).In the edaravone treatment group,the rats were injected intraperitoneally once a day continously for 2 weeks with the injection dose of 5.4 mg · kg-1 · d-1.At 6 hours,12 hours,24 hours,48 hours,72 hours,1 week and 2 weeks after injury,the neurobehavioral and motor function scores of rats were monitored respectively,with 10 rats monitored at each time point.Serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples were collected and the levels of β-endorphin and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA).Results In the edaravone group,the neurobehavioral and motor function scores were higher than those of the TBI group at 6 hours,12 hours,24 hours,48 hours,72 hours,1 week and 2 weeks after injury.At 48 hours after injury,the neurobehavioral scores of the TBI group and the edaravone treatment group were (8.2 ±0.9) points and (10.3 ±0.7) points,respectively (P ＜ 0.05),and the motor function scores were (5.9 ± 1.0) points and (6.9 ± 1.2) points respectively (P ＜ 0.05).Meanwhile,the contents of β-endorphin in blood and cerebrospinal fluid of the normal control group were (50.2 ± 9.5) pg/ml and (16.2 ± 2.8) pg/ml,and the contents of GnRH were (75.2 ± 11.2) pg/ml and (36.2 ± 10.8)pg/ml,respectively.The levels of β-endorphin and GnRH in serum and cerebrospinal fluid were significantly increased at 6 hours,12 hours,24 hours,48 hours,72 hours,l week and 2 weeks after injury.The levels of β-endorphin and GnRH in the edaravone group were lower than those of TBI group.At 72 hour after injury,the levels of β-endorph in serum in TBI group and edaravone group were (165.2 ± 8.5) pg/ml and (109.5 ± 6.3) pg/ml respectively (P ＜ 0.05),and the levels of β-endorph in cerebrospinal fluid were (63.3 ± 3.1) pg/ml and (38.2 ± 2.3) pg/ml respectively (P ＜ 0.05).At 72 hour after injury,the levels of GnRH in serum in TBI group and edaravone group were (203.7 ± 17.1)pg/ml and (110.4 ± 19.2)pg/ml respectively (P ＜0.05),and the levels of GnRH in cerebrospinal fluid is (153.0 ± 13.4) pg/ml and (93.2 ± 10.5) pg/ml respectively (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion During acute and recovery periods after TBI,continuous treatment with edaravone can obviously reduce the levels of β-endorphin and GnRH,which is beneficial to alleviate the secondary brain injury after TBI in rats,promote the recovery of nerve and function,and improve the prognosis.

Lab-based modular scientific research teaching for undergraduates in medical colleges and universities / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Modular scientific research teaching is an open teaching mode for undergraduates in medical colleges and universities. Under the premise of students' own choice, the lab-based training was performed for 15 teaching weeks, with three modular scientific research courses. Meanwhile, with the help of a series of scientific research lectures, literature reports, and discussions of experimental results, the teachers guided the students to carry out modular scientific research training and taught related theoretical knowledge during experimental teaching. The modular scientific research teaching for undergraduates in medical colleges and universities helps to enhance their knowledge of life science and basic medical knowledge, cultivate basic experimental abilities, and make them fully prepared for clinical research or postgraduate study.

Research progress in role of PARP-1 in inflammatory pulmonary diseases / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1(PARP-1) is a ribozyme widely expressed in eukaryotic cells with significant biological activity, the activation of which is involved in the signal transduction of inflammatory pulmonary disease. In this paper, we review PARP-1 involvement in lung inflammation regulation and its prospects for treatment of diseases in terms of the structure and function of PARP-1, inflammation of the signal conditioning,regulation of lung inflammation disease and progress in inhibitor research. This review is intended to further clarify the pathogenesis of pulmonary inflammatory disease, and to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of the disease.